{"id":32507,"date":"2021-10-15T07:54:17","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T05:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/buletin.de\/bucuresti\/?p=32507"},"modified":"2023-09-19T15:17:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T13:17:49","slug":"interviu-tencuiala-anti-cutremur-pentru-cladirile-bucurestiului-si-eroul-nestiut-al-luptei-impotriva-riscului-seismic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buletin.de\/bucuresti\/interviu-tencuiala-anti-cutremur-pentru-cladirile-bucurestiului-si-eroul-nestiut-al-luptei-impotriva-riscului-seismic\/","title":{"rendered":"INTERVIU | Tencuiala \u201eanti-cutremur\u201d pentru cl\u0103dirile Bucure\u0219tiului \u0219i eroul ne\u0219tiut al luptei \u00eempotriva riscului seismic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cutremurul din martie 1977 a \u00eensemnat tragedii \u0219i dup\u0103 ce a \u00eengropat Bucure\u015ftiul \u00een moloz. Poate cea mai r\u0103sun\u0103toare este cea a inginerului Gheorghe Ursu, care a pl\u0103tit cu via\u021ba pentru c\u0103 a spus lumii c\u0103 planurile de consolidare a imobilelor r\u0103mase \u00een picioare, \u0219i a\u0219a minimale, au fost modificate la ordinul direct al lui Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu, care a dispus practic sistarea prematur\u0103 a repara\u021biilor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eTrebuie spus c\u0103 prima etapa a expertizei a dus la ni\u0219te concluzii alarmante. […] C\u00e2teva comisii de speciali\u0219ti au avizat aceste propuneri, au eliminat de la \u00eenceput toate solu\u021biile radicale, adic\u0103 cele care ar fi conferit cl\u0103dirilor vechi o asigurare antiseismic\u0103 analoag\u0103 cu cea a cl\u0103dirilor nou proiectate. Cuv\u00e2ntul de ordine, venit de sus, a fost sa se redea cl\u0103dirilor capacitatea portant\u0103 de dinainte de cutremur. La nici o lun\u0103 dup\u0103 avizarea proiectelor sobre, minimale, o nou\u0103 comisie, condus\u0103 de Inspectorul General de Stat in Construc\u021bii, Mircea Georgescu, a realizat aviz\u0103rile, anul\u00e2nd avizele anterioare, exercit\u00e2nd presiuni asupra \u0219efilor de proiect\u201d.<\/p> Scrisoarea lui Gheorghe Ursu c\u0103tre Radio Europa Liber\u0103. (Sursa: Memorialul lui Ursu<\/a>)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Aceste r\u00e2nduri au fost citite de Virgil Ierunca \u0219i au ajuns la urechile sutelor de mii de rom\u00e2ni care ascultau pe ascuns Radio Europa Liber\u0103. Anonimizat\u0103 \u0219i atribuit\u0103 public unui arhitect, tocmai pentru a proteja sursa, scrisoarea<\/a> era semnat\u0103 \u00een realitate de un inginer de la Institutul pentru Sistematizare, Locuin\u021be si Gospod\u0103rire Comunal\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gherghe Ursu, \u0219eful de proiect al consolid\u0103rii Blocului Patria, este cel care a reu\u0219it s\u0103 transmit\u0103 documentul abia dup\u0103 doi ani de la spoiala dictat\u0103 de Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eS-au primit ordine de \u00eencetare a consolid\u0103rilor, fac\u00e2ndu-se avize cu limitarea strict\u0103 a avizelor inginere\u0219ti, pentru ca p\u00e2n\u0103 la 23 august Capitala s\u0103 fie curat\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 schele, proasp\u0103t v\u0103ruit\u0103. Pentru aceast\u0103 opera\u021bie din urm\u0103, folclorul bucure\u0219tean a inventat imediat un termen \u2013 tencuieli anti-seismice.<\/p>

[\u2026] Cl\u0103dirile \u00een care locuiau Cei de Sus, precum \u0219i sediile de partid au avut o soart\u0103 cu totul diferit\u0103 de cea a cl\u0103dirilor \u201ecivile\u201d. C\u00e2\u021biva dintre cei mai buni ingineri-profesori au fost sco\u0219i din comisiile obi\u0219nuite pentru a examina locuin\u021bele celor mari, metru cu metru. S-au dus cele mai bune \u0219i mai eficiente utilaje, materiale, me\u0219teri, ingineri at\u00e2t ai Gospod\u0103riei de Partid c\u00e2t \u0219i din alte parti \u0219i s-a trecut la consolid\u0103ri imediate, totul supradimesionat, cu exces de o\u021bel \u0219i beton, f\u0103r\u0103 nicio reticen\u021b\u0103 de ordin economic\u201d.<\/p>Scrisoarea lui Gheorghe Ursu c\u0103tre Radio Europa Liber\u0103. (Sursa: Memorialul lui Ursu<\/a>) <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 ce a fost turnat de subordona\u021bii s\u0103i, care au i-au furat jurnalul personal \u0219i l-au predat Securit\u0103\u021bii, este \u00eencarcerat. <\/a>Tot cu acesta ocazie, Securitatea descoper\u0103 c\u0103 el este autorul scrisorii, lucru care a insemnat practic condamnarea sa la moarte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen noiembrie 1985, dup\u0103 zile de tortur\u0103 \u00een care a refuzat constant s\u0103-\u0219i toarne apropia\u021bii, Gheorghe Ursu moare la Spitalul Penitenciar Jilava. Mo\u0219tenirea sa, despre nivelul insuficient al interven\u021biilor de dup\u0103 1977, c\u00e2t \u0219i despre modul \u00een care, la 4 iulie 1977, Ceau\u0219escu a interzis, practic, consolidarea rezonabil\u0103 a imobilelor afectate, este dus\u0103 mai departe de fiul s\u0103u, Andrei Ursu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centr-un interviu pentru Buletin de Bucure\u0219ti, fiul inginerului dizident poveste\u0219te cum aceast\u0103 decizie, exprimat\u0103 \u00eentr-o \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 public\u0103, l-a afectat profund pe tat\u0103l s\u0103u \u0219i cum speciali\u0219tii care au insistat la momentul respectiv s\u0103-\u0219i fac\u0103 treaba ca la carte au fost amenin\u021ba\u021bi cu procuratura si mili\u021bia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u00cen ziua cutremurului, la 1 noaptea, tata era \u00eenc\u0103 treaz \u0219i \u00eencerca s\u0103 dea telefoane, dar liniile erau \u00eentrerupte. Nu reu\u0219ea s\u0103 dea de prietenii lui, colegi ingineri, despre care el \u0219tia c\u0103 stau \u00een blocuri vulnerabile. A doua zi s-a dus la prima or\u0103 la serviciu \u0219i de atunci a intrat \u00eentr-un program de diminea\u021b\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 seara.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum a ajuns tat\u0103l dumneavoastr\u0103 \u0219ef de proiect la consolidarea blocului Patria?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El avea \u0219i o anumit\u0103 specializare \u00een rezisten\u021ba antiseismic\u0103. Ulterior mi-a povestit ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat, cum a venit unda de \u0219oc din Vrancea \u0219i a g\u0103sit magistrala Nord-Sud, cu Bulevardul Magheru, ca un culoar de transmisie favorabil \u0219i cum unda de \u0219oc a lovit \u00een capetele str\u0103zilor. Datorit\u0103 acestei specializ\u0103ri a fost desemnat foarte cur\u00e2nd \u0219ef de proiect de consolidare la blocul Patria. Cam to\u021bi colegii lui din Institut, ingineri cu experien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i arhitec\u021bi, au fost \u00eencorpora\u021bi \u00een aceste echipe mixte care s\u0103 dea ni\u0219te solu\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 primele lucr\u0103ri de consolidare acolo unde cl\u0103dirile erau cele mai vulnerabile. A lucrat non-stop. Ce \u0219tiu de la tata \u0219i de la ceilal\u021bi colegi ingineri, e c\u0103 la \u00eenceput s-au f\u0103cut consolid\u0103ri bune. El a \u00eencercat s\u0103 c\u0103m\u0103\u0219uiasc\u0103 c\u00e2t mai mul\u021bi st\u00e2lpi la blocul Patria. Cred c\u0103 trebuiau c\u0103m\u0103\u0219ui\u021bi peste 100 de st\u00e2lpi, adic\u0103 mult de munc\u0103. A mai avut \u00eenc\u0103 un bloc c\u0103ruia trebuia s\u0103-i fac\u0103 proiect de consolidare, care nu era \u00eentr-o stare at\u00e2t de jalnic\u0103 precum Patria, \u0219i mai f\u0103cea \u0219i expertiz\u0103 \u00een aceste echipe mixte c\u00e2nd era chemat.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen scrisoarea c\u0103tre Europa Liber\u0103, tat\u0103l dumneavoastr\u0103 vorbe\u0219te despre o \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 \u00een care Ceau\u0219escu a trecut peste to\u021bi speciali\u0219tii \u00een domeniu…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La un moment dat a observat c\u0103 se schimb\u0103 linia. Au venit ni\u0219te directive \u0219i ulterior au fost convoca\u021bi to\u021bi inginerii \u0219i edilii ora\u0219ului \u00eentr-o \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 la sala plenar\u0103 a Comitetului Central. A r\u0103mas \u0219ocat \u0219i l-a afectat profund. \u00cemi aduc aminte c\u0103 povestea c\u0103 nu-i venea s\u0103 cread\u0103 ce a auzit acolo. A reprodus acela\u0219i lucru chiar \u0219i \u00een ancheta de la Securitate. C\u0103 a fost \u00eempiedicat de organele superioare s\u0103 duc\u0103 consolid\u0103rile p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t, chiar dac\u0103 exista riscul ca blocurile s\u0103 se pr\u0103bu\u0219easc\u0103 la un cutremur mai mic ca magnitudine dec\u00e2t cel care tocmai avusese loc. Con\u0219tiin\u021ba lui de inginer \u0219i g\u00e2ndul c\u0103 e responsabil de vie\u021bile a mii de oameni, din multe alte blocuri ca Patria, l-a f\u0103cut s\u0103 simt\u0103 c\u0103 nu putea s\u0103 lase lucrurile a\u0219a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au existat presiuni directe c\u0103tre tat\u0103l dumneavoastr\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu acel moment?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, s-a sim\u021bit vinovat c\u0103 nu s-a ridicat acolo \u00een \u0219edin\u021b\u0103. Cert e c\u0103 atunci \u00een sal\u0103 erau foarte mul\u021bi mili\u021bieni. Ceau\u0219escu \u00eei pusese \u00een jurul audien\u021bei \u0219i \u00eei amenin\u021ba cu procuratura, cu mili\u021bia, cu arestarea, etc. Ceau\u0219escu a \u00eencercat s\u0103 fac\u0103 o chestie populist\u0103 c\u0103, vezi Doamne, locatarii cer asta. C\u0103 inginerii scot oamenii muncii din cas\u0103, c\u0103 se distruge Capitala, etc. Mai mult, s-a erijat \u00eentr-un mare inginer. \u0218i colegii s\u0103i au fost afecta\u021bi, era o groaz\u0103 \u00een tagma inginereasc\u0103. Abia \u00een anii \u0103\u0219tia am descoperit la CNSAS cum urm\u0103reau securi\u0219tii impresia l\u0103sat\u0103 de acea \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cum au \u00eencercat s\u0103 p\u0103streze acea \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 secret\u0103. Plus c\u0103 Securitatea \u0219tia c\u0103 locatarii \u0219tiau la r\u00e2ndul lor c\u0103 blocurile nu sunt bine consolidate. Pentru c\u0103 peste noapte, inginerii care \u00eencercau s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la structur\u0103, la cadre, au venit s\u0103 tencuiasc\u0103 cu a\u0219a numita tencuial\u0103 anti-seismic\u0103. Abia \u00een ianuarie 1985 \u0219i-au dat seama cine este autorul scrisorii. P\u00e2n\u0103 atunci l-au suspectat, iar tata doar presupunea c\u0103 e urm\u0103rit, dar nu \u0219tia sigur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din ce a\u021bi documentat \u00een timp, acum, dup\u0103 50 de ani, aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 persist\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cred c\u0103 e vorba de blocurile cu bulin\u0103 de ast\u0103zi. Am \u00een\u021beles \u00een to\u021bi anii \u0103\u0219tia c\u0103, odat\u0103 cu trecerea timpul, este din ce \u00een ce mai greu s\u0103 se fac\u0103 consolidarea. Dar tat\u0103l meu mai spunea un lucru. C\u0103 structura betonului fusese afectat\u0103, compromis\u0103 \u00een unele cazuri. Din cauza tipului de vibra\u021bii la care fusese supus st\u00e2lpul, structura cristalin\u0103 se deplasase f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 lase \u00een unele cazuri fisuri. Practic st\u00e2lpii care nu aveau fisuri aparente puteau s\u0103 fie compromi\u0219i, iar lucru acesta ar fi trebuit cercetat.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 momentul \u201889, s-a mi\u0219cat ceva \u00een direc\u021bia celor semnalate de tat\u0103l dumneavoastr\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce \u0219tiu e c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 89 nu s-a f\u0103cut nimic, efectiv. Securitatea mai degrab\u0103 s-a chinuit s\u0103 ascund\u0103, s\u0103 bage sub pre\u0219, s\u0103 amenin\u021be inginerii \u0219i locatarii. Am aflat din dosarele de la CNSAS c\u0103 Securitatea \u00eencerca s\u0103 acrediteze inclusiv ideea c\u0103 blocurile sunt OK \u0219i c\u0103Ceau\u0219escu d\u0103duse ordin de sistare a lucr\u0103rilor, ci edilii. Dup\u0103 1990 s-au f\u0103cut expertize \u0219i am v\u0103zut \u00een acele documente numele colegilor tat\u0103lui meu, oameni serio\u0219i, care asistaser\u0103 \u0219i ei neputincio\u0219i la acea \u0219edin\u021b\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u00cen prezent, cea mai mare cl\u0103dire din Bucure\u0219ti \u00eencadrat\u0103 \u00een clasa I de risc seismic are 351 de apartamente, \u00een care locuiesc circa 1.200 de oameni. Mai sunt alte peste 350 de cl\u0103diri cu bulin\u0103 ro\u0219ie. Ce nu \u0219tim e cum stau restul de peste 130.000 de cl\u0103diri cu locuin\u021be din Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vineri, 15 octombrie, de la ora 11:00, \u00een cadrul dezbaterii Marele Bucure\u0219ti #3: aten\u021bie, cade tencuiala<\/a><\/strong> discut\u0103m cu autorit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i exper\u021bii despre cum putem salva ce-a mai r\u0103mas de salvat din istoria Bucure\u0219tiului \u0219i despre ce facem c\u00e2nd va veni cutremurul cel mare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

INVITA\u021aI:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0218tefan B\u00e2lici, managerul Institutului Na\u021bional al Patrimoniului<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Teodor FROLU, arhitect \u0219i antreprenor \u00een industrii creative<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0218tefan GHENCIULESCU, arhitect, redactor-\u0219ef revista Zeppelin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Alex IACOB, explorator urban, fondator reptilianul.ro<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Georgiana ILIE, jurnalist DOR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Radu MIHAIU, primarul Sectorului 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Edmond NICULU\u0218C\u0102, director adjunct Administra\u021bia Municipal\u0103 pentru Consolidarea Cl\u0103dirilor cu Risc Seismic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Matei SUMBASACU, fondator Re:Rise<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Radu V\u0102C\u0102REANU, rector Universitatea Tehnic\u0103 de Construc\u021bii Bucure\u0219ti, doctor \u00een domeniul evalu\u0103rii riscului seismic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MODERATORI:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Elena Calistru (Pre\u0219edinte, Funky Citizens)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 C\u0103t\u0103lin Dosca\u0219 (jurnalist, Buletin de Bucure\u0219ti).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dezbatarea va transmis\u0103 live pe Facebook.<\/strong><\/a> Din motive ce \u021bin de pandemie, evenimentul se va desf\u0103\u0219ura f\u0103r\u0103 accesul publicului. Pentru a urm\u0103ri discu\u021bia, da\u021bi \u201egoing\u201d sau \u201einterested\u201d la acest eveniment, pentru a vi se reaminti c\u00e2nd \u00eencepe transmisiunea live.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FOTO: Ion Mate\u0219\/Cosmin Pojoranu\/Memorialul lui Ursu<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cutremurul din martie 1977 a \u00eensemnat tragedii \u0219i dup\u0103 ce a \u00eengropat Bucure\u015ftiul \u00een moloz. 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Lucreaz\u0103 \u00een mass-media de la v\u00e2rsta de 15 ani, c\u00e2nd a publicat primele articole \u00een presa local\u0103 din Tecuci. \u00cen Bucure\u0219ti a lucrat \u00een redac\u021bii radio ca reporter, redactor \u0219i prezentator (StudentFM, Na\u021bionalFM, Radio Total, Smart FM), unde a acoperit domeniile politic, economic, social \u0219i externe. Ulterior, a fost editor-coordonator al postului Realitatea FM. Experien\u021ba \u00een jurnalismul online a dob\u00e2ndit-o la portalul B365.ro, unde a fost editor. \u00cen 2012 s-a angajat \u00een televiziune. La Realitatea TV a fost, pe r\u00e2nd, reporter la sec\u021bia Social, reporter special la emisiunea de reportaje \u0219i anchete \u201eReporterii Realit\u0103\u021bii\u201d, dar \u0219i editor al jurnalelor de \u0219tiri. Ulterior, a f\u0103cut parte din sec\u021bia de Investiga\u021bii de la Digi24 \u0219i a lucrat la campania \u201eRom\u00e2nia furat\u0103\u201d. A revenit \u00een presa scris\u0103 \u00een 2017, ca reporter special, \u00een cadrul unui proiect de repozi\u021bionare a tabloidului Libertatea \u00een cotidian generalist. 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